On whom is Qurbani Waajib? & The time for Qurbani

On whom is Qurbani Waajib?

1. Qurbani is Waajib on all Muslims (male and female) who are sane, baaligh (have reached the age of puberty) and are the possessers of minimum Zakaatable wealth (Nisab) i.e. about R230.00. It is not necessary that the ownership of such wealth be for a full year.
2. Qurbani is Waajib on a man for himself only, not for his wife and children. However, it is his duty to see that his wife’s and grown-up (baaligh) children’s Qurbani are made if they are possessers of his wealth with their permission, their Qurbanis will be valid.
3. Qurbani is not Waajib on poor people (who do not possess wealth equal to Nisaab) nor on travellers (Musaafirs) nor on minors. If a minor reaches the age of puberty or a poor person becomes rich or a Musaafir becomes a Muqeem i.e. by completing his journey or intending to stay in one place for 15 days or more before the sunset of the 12th Zil Hijjah then Qurbani is Waajib on them.
4. Qurbani on behalf of a deceased person is Waajib if he had made a Wasiyyat that it should be undertaken form his wealth, provided the cost does not exceed one third of his net estate.
5. Qurbani is Waajib on a person who makes a Nazr (Vow) i.e. if a certain work of mine is carried out I will make Qurbani, then Qurbani becomes Waajib on him when that task is accomplished. This Qurbani must be carried out in the days of Qurbani, unless it is generally excepted and understood that merely slaughtering an animal on ANY DAY is referred to as Qurbani, and this had been the intention of the person who made a vow, then it will be permissible for him to sacrifice an animal on any day.
6. If a poor person buys an animal during the days of Qurbani, with the intention of s Qurbani, then it becomes Waajib upon him to sacrifice this animal. However, if this animal dies or gets lost, Qurbani will not remain Waajib on him. It will not be necessary for him to buy another animal. If he buys another animal and thereafter the first one is found, it becomes Waajib upon him to sacrifice both animals.
7. A person on whom Qurbani is Waajib, purchased an animal for sacrifice. Thereafter this animal was lost, stolen or died. In such a case it will be Waajib to sacrifice another animal in its place. If after purchasing the second animal the first one is found, the sacrificing of only one animal is Waajib upon him. If he sacrifices the second animal then it is preferable to give as charity the difference in price between the two animals, if there be any e.g. the 1st animal had cost him R100 and the second had cost him R80. He should now give R20 as charity. However, it is preferable to make Qurbani of both the animals.
8. A person on whom Qurbani is Waajib, bought an animal for sacrifice. Due to some reason he did not slaughter it on the fixed days of Qurbani. It is now compulsory upon him to give the animal away, alive, as charity. If he did not purchase the animal and Qurbani was Waajib on him, it is obligatory for him to give as charity, the value of an animal.
9. If a person, on whom Qurbani was Waajib, failed to carry it out for a number of years, should give the value of that number of animals as charity. Slaughtering of that amount of animals during the days of  Qurbani will not compensate for the missed Qurbani, but will instead be regarded as voluntary Qurbani.
10. If a person carries out Qurbani on behalf of a person on whom Qurbani is Waajib, without his permission and without his knowing, this Qurbani will not be valid. If it is done with his permission or instruction it is permissible.
11. It is Mustahab (preferable) for those intending to make Qurbani not to cut their hair or clip their nails (from the time the moon for Zil Hijjah is sighted until after  Qurbani).
12. Qurbani is an Ibaadat that has to be carried out every year on whom it is Waajib. Being a Hajee is not a condition for Qurbani becoming Waajib.
The time for Qurbani

1. The time for Qurbani begins after Eid Salaat on the l0th of Zil Hijjah and ends at the setting of the sun on the l2th of Zil Hijjah.
2. It is better to make Qurbani on the first day, then the second day and lastly the third day.
3. Qurbani is allowed during the two intervening nights, but it is preferable during the day because of the possibility of not slaughtering correctly.
4. People living in remote village areas where Eid Salaat is not performed, may slaughter after Fajr time (Subah Saadiq-early dawn) has set in on the morning of the l0th Zil Hijjah.
5. If a person residing in a town (where Eid Salaat is performed) sends his animal to the village (where Eid Salaat is not performed), it is permissible that his animal be slaughtered before the Eid Salaat.
6. If a doubt occurs as to whether it is the l2th or the l3th, it is Mustahab (preferable) to give away all the meat in sacrifice after slaughtering the animal.
7. If an animal bought for Qurbani was not slaughtered during these days, it must be given away alive as charity.
8. These days, i.e. the l0th, 11th and the l2th of Zil Hijjah are known as AYYAAMUN NAHR (the days of slaughtering). 

Reference : inter-islam